Research Article Open Access

Epidemiological Study on the Current Status of Rice Tungro Disease in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Nur Rosida1, Tutik Kuswinanti1, Nur Amin1 and Andi Nasruddin1
  • 1 Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

Abstract

Integrated management of Rice Tungro Disease (RTD) by combining the appropriate planting time and cultivar rotation has successfully controlled the disease in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. By the early 1990’s, about 10 years after the management was implemented, tungro disease incidence was so low that the integrated management was no longer strictly implemented and eventually abandoned. Surprisingly however, the tungro incidence steadily decreases in the area ever since. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to elucidate why the rice tungro disease incidence decreases even when the integrated management is no longer in place. A series of studies was conducted to determine the adaptability of rice Green Leafhopper (GLH), Nephotettix virescens, colonies on different cultivars with different resistance genes against the leafhopper, tungro transmission efficiency in laboratory and in field and tungro viruses (RTBV and RTSV) detection in weeds. The results indicated that all GLH colonies had adapted to all cultivars carrying different GLH resistance genes. For each colony, there were no significant differences between the resistant cultivars and TN-1 (no GLH resistance gene) in: (1) Percent of first instars developing to the second instar nymphs, (2) nymphal development indices, (3) tungro virus transmission efficiency and (4) GLH populations. The PCR results showed that none of the weeds tested contained the rice tungro viruses. Therefore, the study results suggested that the lack of rice tungro inoculums in the weeds was the main reason why tungro incidence decreases from time to time. However, if the rice tungro viruses are reintroduced to the region, the RTD can become devastating because the GLH colonies have already adapted to all available resistance genes. Further studies should be conducted to find and incorporate new resistance genes into commercial cultivars.

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences
Volume 20 No. 4, 2020, 221-231

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2020.221.231

Submitted On: 7 September 2020 Published On: 3 December 2020

How to Cite: Rosida, N., Kuswinanti, T., Amin, N. & Nasruddin, A. (2020). Epidemiological Study on the Current Status of Rice Tungro Disease in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, 20(4), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2020.221.231

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Keywords

  • Integrated Management
  • Rice Tungro Virus
  • RTBV
  • RTSV