Development of Environmentally Friendly Protection Measures Against Pests and Diseases

Abstract

The paper describes the monitoring of phytosanitary conditions in different regions of the Almaty region (Kazakhstan) and demonstrates the large population of cruciferous fleas (Phyllotreta cruciferae) on rapeseed plants, which reaches 7-9 spec./m², exceeding the economic injury level (3-5 spec./m²). The disease is observed to spread on wheat and barley seeds. Proceeding from this, the study aims to develop effective protection measures against cruciferous fleas and to ecologize agricultural technologies using safe techniques and means of protection. The study uses methods of registration when monitoring the spread of pests and determining the effectiveness of the methods and tools applied. It is demonstrated that the treatment of wheat seeds with a protective and stimulating mixture using the preparation of bisolbisan 1 l/t + extrasol 1 l/t raised the intensity of crop growth to 94.2% compared to 70.9% in the control sample. High biological efficacy is noted from the use of actarophyte 1 l/ha mixed with extrasol against cruciferous fleas, the population of which after treatment is only 1 spec./m² against 7.8 spec./m² in the control case. The study also analyzes the results of releasing the Trichogramma ovipositor (Trichogramma) in the amount of 350 g/ha, Habrobracon (Bracon hebetor Say) at a rate of 500 spec./ha and green lacewings (Chrysopidae) at a rate of 1,500 eggs/ha to combat the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.). This first known treatment of rape crops using a drone against cruciferous fleas achieved a biological efficiency of 95.8-96.2%.