Research Article Open Access

Early Detection of Endobacteria in Rhizopus spp.

Ratna Noviyanti1, Gayuh Rahayu1 and Rida Oktorida Khastini2
  • 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia
  • 2 Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Serang-Banten, Indonesia

Abstract

Rhizopus spp. are commonly used in bio-industrial processes such as manufacturing traditional fermented foods. However, one species, R. microsporus has been reported to contain toxin-producing endobacteria. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the Rhizopus strains' safety before application as tempe inoculum. The study aimed to detect the presence of endobacteria from seven strains of Rhizopus spp. isolated from Tempe and four strains from other substrates using molecular and staining techniques. Molecular analyses were conducted using a PCR approach of 16S rDNA with primer sets 10F and 1541R. The presence of endobacteria was confirmed with the LIVE /DEAD® bacterial viability kit. The bacteria were identified molecularly by a phylogenetic approach using the Neighbour-Joining method and p-distance model in MEGA 6 with species of endo hyphal bacteria of Mortierella elongata as an outgroup. Molecularly, only R. microsporus IPBCC 13.1131 isolated from tempe in Cilacap, Central Java, was found to contain endobacteria. The presence of endobacteria was confirmed by the appearance of the red and green luminescence in hyphae, not in the spores. These endobacteria are identified as Curtobacterium sp. The study is the first report of described endo hyphal Curtobacterium from R. microsporus tempe starter.

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences
Volume 23 No. 3, 2023, 344-350

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.344.350

Submitted On: 3 March 2023 Published On: 24 June 2023

How to Cite: Noviyanti, R., Rahayu, G. & Khastini, R. O. (2023). Early Detection of Endobacteria in Rhizopus spp.. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, 23(3), 344-350. https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.344.350

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Keywords

  • Endobacteria
  • Rhizopus spp.
  • Tempe
  • Curtobacterium