A Static Magnetic Field Exposure in Obese Mice Induced by High Fat Diet: Its Effect on T-Box15 Gene and Uncoupling Protein 1 Expression

Abstract

Increased Ca²⁺ cytosolic concentration caused by Static Magnetic Field (SMF) exposure modulates Tbx15 protein and Ucp1 gene interaction that is involved in the thermogenesis browning process of white adipose tissue. Activation of Tbx15 as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of the Uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) gene induced by SMF exposure in adipose tissue converts excess accumulated fat into heat. This discovery has led to a novelty in preventing obesity. Experimental studies to determine the effect of SMF on the browning process have not been widely reported. Hence, we investigated its effect on lee index, Tbx15, and Ucp1 expression, as well as adipose cell size in obese mice inguinal adipose tissue. This study used two control groups, namely normal and obese mice. We generated C57BL/6J obese mice only by inducing a High-Fat Diet (HFD). Mice were exposed to SMF at a 2 mT intensity for 1 h per day for 21 days of adipocyte differentiation. Lee index, Tbx15 protein, Ucp1 gene, and histological inguinal adipose histology were all investigated. Tbx15 expression increased after 2-7 days of SMF exposure and Lee index decreased significantly (p<0,05) for 2-21 days of SMF exposure. Ucp1 gene expression increased after SMF exposure, however, there was no significant change following SMF exposure. After 14-21 days of exposure, adipose cell size was slightly reduced. Therefore, we can conclude that the SMF exposure at 2 mT intensity for 1 h per day could improve the browning process by increasing Tbx15 and Ucp1 expression after 2-7 days and adipose cell size phenotypically reduced at 14-21 days of SMF exposure. This study adhered to ethical guidelines and received the necessary approval from the ethical committee of universitas Indonesia no. KET-678/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2020.