The Impact of Climate Factors on the Epidemiology and Management of Potato virus Y

Abstract

Plant viruses give rise to potential loss to global crop production and have the potential to cause widespread damage. Potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant virus that belongs to the genus Potyvirus and the family Potyviridae and it is considered a major concern, particularly for solanaceous crops such as potatoes. PVY represents the largest cluster of plant viruses, encompassing over 111 recognized and 86 tentative species across 30 plant families. Its broad geographic distribution extends over the globe, with a notable prevalence in temperate and subtropical climates where potato cultivation is extensive. As a monopartite virus with a single strand of positive-sense RNA, PVY manifests diverse strains that induce varied symptoms in potato plants, presenting challenges in strain categorization. PVY transmission occurs through both vertical and horizontal pathways, with aphids being the most efficient vectors. Mechanical transmission and agricultural practices can also contribute to the spread of the virus, impacting the growth and physiological functions of plants. Climate factors are very important in shaping the dynamics of plant viral diseases in plants, with varied climatic conditions fostering the emergence of more virulent virus strains. Temperature, humidity and precipitation, directly and indirectly, influence vector abundance, virus replication and host susceptibility, thereby modulating PVY transmission dynamics. Managing PVY in potato crops requires a multifaceted approach due to its significant economic impact and complex transmission dynamics. Strategies include cultural methods, host-plant resistance, chemical interventions, vector control and emerging techniques like cryotherapy and nanomaterial applications. Understanding the profound impact of climate variables on the epidemiology and management of PVY underscores the urgent need for proactive measures. This study offers a comprehensive review of recent findings regarding the intricate relationship between climate variables such as temperature, CO₂ levels, light intensity, relative humidity, rainfall and wind velocity-and their significant influence on PVY infection severity and aphid vector population dynamics. Insights gleaned from this review will aid in formulating enhanced management strategies to combat the spread of this significant viral pathogen.